Which process runs server tasks, including extract refreshes, subscriptions, and "Run Now" tasks?

The Backgrounder is the component responsible for executing server tasks in Tableau Server. It handles various processes that run in the background, such as extract refreshes, subscriptions, and ad-hoc "Run Now" tasks initiated by users. By managing these tasks, the Backgrounder allows users to run analyses and receive updated content without impacting the performance of the interactive user experience on the server.

Understanding the functions of other components helps clarify why the Backgrounder is the correct choice. The Cache Server, for instance, focuses on improving performance by storing query results in memory to reduce loading times for visualizations. The Data Server is responsible for storing and managing metadata associated with published data sources, while the Elastic Server does not exist as a defined component in Tableau Server architecture; this option may have been included as a distractor.

Therefore, the Backgrounder plays a crucial role in the automation of key processing tasks, allowing Tableau Server to efficiently handle workflows and deliver timely updates to users.