Which service provides published data source metadata to client services in Tableau?

The correct answer is that the Data Server provides published data source metadata to client services in Tableau. The Data Server acts as a centralized hub that enables Tableau Server users to manage their data sources efficiently. When data sources are published to the Data Server, it allows other Tableau components, such as Tableau Desktop and Tableau Online, to access and utilize those data sources seamlessly.

By providing this central repository of metadata, the Data Server ensures that any changes to data sources, such as updates in schemas or configurations, are reflected across all client services that access these data sources. This functionality enhances collaboration and consistency in data usage among users within an organization.

The Internal Data Source Properties option specifically refers to properties related to an individual data source that may not encompass the broader service aspect of publishing metadata to client services. Data Source Properties generally pertain to settings and configurations for individual data sources within a Tableau workbook rather than addressing how metadata is disseminated. The Metrics Service primarily focuses on metrics and KPIs, not the direct management and dissemination of data source metadata.

The combination of these functionalities reinforces why the Data Server is the right answer as it encapsulates the management and sharing of published data source metadata across Tableau's client services.